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Proper maintenance of infusion pumps is critical for patient safety and device longevity. Here’s a comprehensive overview, broken down into key areas.

Core Principle: Follow Manufacturer Instructions

The pump’s User Manual and Service Manual are the primary authority. Always adhere to the specific procedures for your model (e.g., Alaris, Baxter, Sigma, Fresenius).

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1. Routine & Preventive Maintenance (Scheduled)

This is proactive to prevent failures.

· Daily/Pre-Use Checks (by Clinical Staff):
· Visual Inspection: Look for cracks, leaks, damaged buttons, or a loose power cord.
· Battery Check: Verify the battery holds a charge and the pump operates on battery power.
· Alarm Test: Confirm all audible and visual alarms are functional.
· Door/Latching Mechanism: Ensure it secures properly to prevent free flow.
· Screen & Keys: Check for responsiveness and clarity.
· Labeling: Ensure the pump has a current inspection sticker and is not overdue for PM.
· Scheduled Preventive Maintenance (PM) – by Biomedical Engineering:
· Frequency: Typically every 6-12 months, as per policy/manufacturer.
· Tasks:
· Full Performance Verification: Using a calibrated analyzer to test:
· Flow Rate Accuracy: At multiple rates (e.g., 1 ml/hr, 100 ml/hr, 999 ml/hr).
· Pressure Occlusion Detection: Accuracy at low and high limits.
· Bolus Volume Accuracy.
· Deep Cleaning & Disinfection: Internal and external, following infection control guidelines.
· Battery Performance Test & Replacement: If the battery cannot hold a charge for a specified duration.
· Software Updates: Installing manufacturer-released updates to address bugs or safety issues.
· Mechanical Inspection: Motors, gears, sensors for wear.
· Electrical Safety Test: Checking for ground integrity and leakage currents.

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2. Corrective Maintenance (Troubleshooting & Repairs)

Addressing specific failures.

· Common Issues & Initial Actions:
· “Occlusion” Alarm: Check patient line for kinks, clamp status, IV site patency, and filter blockage.
· “Door Open” or “Not Latched” Alarm: Inspect for debris in the door mechanism, worn latches, or damaged channel.
· “Battery” or “Low Battery” Alarm: Plug in the pump, test battery runtime, replace if faulty.
· Flow Rate Inaccuracies: Check for improper syringe/IV set type, air in line, or mechanical wear in the pumping mechanism (requires BMET).
· Pump Won’t Power On: Check outlet, power cord, internal fuse, or power supply.
· Repair Process (by Trained Technicians):
1. Diagnosis: Use error logs and diagnostics (often in a hidden service menu).
2. Part Replacement: Replace failed components like:
· Syringe plunger drivers or peristaltic fingers
· Door/latch assemblies
· Control boards (CPU)
· Keypads
· Speakers/buzzers for alarms
3. Post-Repair Verification: Mandatory. Full performance and safety testing must be completed before returning the pump to service.
4. Documentation: Log the fault, repair action, parts used, and test results in the computerized maintenance management system (CMMS).

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3. Cleaning & Disinfection (Critical for Infection Control)

· Between Patients/After Use:
· Power Off and Disconnect.
· Wipe Down: Use a hospital-grade disinfectant (e.g., diluted bleach, alcohol, quaternary ammonium) on a soft cloth. Avoid spraying directly to prevent fluid ingress.
· Focus Areas: Handle, control panel, pole clamp, and any exposed surfaces.
· Channel/Syringe Area: Remove any visible fluid or debris per instructions.
· For Spills or Contamination: Follow institutional protocols for terminal cleaning. May require disassembly of the channel door by trained personnel.

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4. Key Safety & Best Practices

· Training: Only trained staff should operate and perform user maintenance.
· No Overrides: Never use tape or forced closures to fix a door latch.
· Use Approved Accessories: Only use manufacturer-recommended IV sets/syringes. Third-party sets can cause inaccuracies.
· Inspect Before Use: Always check the infusion set for integrity and the pump for a valid PM sticker.
· Report Failures Immediately: Document and report any pump malfunctions, especially those that could lead to under-infusion or over-infusion, via an incident reporting system (like a FDA MedWatch in the US).
· Recall & Safety Notice Management: Biomedical/Clinical Engineering must track and implement all manufacturer field actions.

Maintenance Responsibility Matrix

Task Frequency Typically Performed By
Pre-Use Visual Check Before each patient use Nurse/Clinician
Surface Cleaning After each patient use Nurse/Clinician
Battery Performance Check Daily/Weekly Nurse or BMET
Performance Verification (PM) Every 6-12 months Biomedical Technician
Electrical Safety Testing During PM or after repair Biomedical Technician
Diagnostics & Repair As needed (corrective) Biomedical Technician
Software Updates As released by mfg. Biomedical/IT Department

Disclaimer: This is a general guide. Always consult and follow your institution’s specific policies and the manufacturer’s documented procedures for the exact pump model you are maintaining. Patient safety depends on correct and documented maintenance.